Charles E W Bean, Diaries, AWM38 3DRL 606/118/1 - Photostats - Part 1
AWM38
Official History,
1914-18 War: Records of C E W Bean,
Official Historian.
Diaries and Notebooks
Item number: 3DRL606/118/1
Title: Photostats, Photostats
Comprise copies of enclosures to earlier diaries
and includes copies of correspondence, typed
diary entries for August-November 1918, maps
reports from "The Times Weekly Edition" and
1918 notes by F M Cutlack.
AWM38-3DRL606/118/1
Notes to diaries
CONFIDENTIAL.
AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH
MILITARY FORCES
WAR DIARY
of
CAPT. BEAN'SFrom DIARIESTo N.D. 191.......
VOL. No. ............
10,000—9/17—6728.
1st SET.
Diary No. 118.
AWM38
3DRL 606 ITEM 118
DIARIES AND NOTES OF C. E. W. BEAN
CONCERNING THE WAR OF 1914 - 1918
The use of these diaries and notes is subject to conditions laid down in the terms
of gift to the Australian War Memorial. But, apart from those terms, I wish the
following circumstances and considerations to be brought to the notice of every
reader and writer who may use them.
These writings represent only what at the moment of making them I believed to be
true. The diaries were jotted down almost daily with the object of recording what
was then in the writer's mind. Often he wrote them when very tired and half asleep;
also, not infrequently, what he believed to be true was not so — but it does not
follow that he always discovered this, or remembered to correct the mistakes when
discovered. Indeed, he could not always remember that he had written them.
These records should, therefore, be used with great caution, as relating only what
their author, at the time of writing, believed. Further, he cannot, of course, vouch
for the accuracy of statements made to him by others and here recorded. But he
did try to ensure such accuracy by consulting, as far as possible, those who had
seen or otherwise taken part in the events. The constant falsity of second-hand
evidence (on which a large proportion of war stories are founded) was impressed
upon him by the second or third day of the Gallipoli campaign, notwithstanding that
those who passed on such stories usually themselves believed them to be true. All
second-hand evidence herein should be read with this in mind.
16 Sept., 1946.
C. E. W. BEAN.
AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL
ACCESS STATUS
OPEN
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1
Dear General Walker,
you asked me to mention to you the names of
any men that I might hear spoken of as having been prominent in
this fighting. I am afraid my notes are very casual but the following
are some of them.Liet.Capt. Metcalfe 11th Bn was responsible for the supervision
of the digging of the 11th Bn trenches beyond the Bapaume
Rd during the heavy shelling. He was hit several times but I was
told that he carried on excellently.
Capt. Little 5th Bn after xxxxxxx most of the other
officers of his battalion in the firing line were knocked out was
practically in charge of the 5th Bn in the firing line(or at any
rate ^a good part of it ) during the fight of the morning of July 25 xx
which by all accounts was one of the hardest yet fought.
Pte. Angel of 5th Bn , a signaller attached to 2nd Bde HQ
was sent with a message to the Battalion from Bde H.Q. It was an
urgent message. On the way he ran into the enemys barrage and
going through it was hit. As he lay with his legs paralysed he
saw an officer standing I am told 200 yards away from him. He
dragged himself by his hands until he was near enough to get the
officers attention and delivered his message to him. Two hours
later he was found lying there with a piece of shell in his back-bone.
The first question he asked was: xxxxx Did that message get
through". I am told it is doubtful whether he will recover the
use of his legs.
During the fighting of the same morning Pte Skillbeck of
the Lewis gun detachment of the 6th Bn was in the Northern portion
of trench O.G.1. when our men were being gradually bombed back for
the second time. xxxxxx More than one man tells me that Skillbeck
was noticeable to everyone by standing out head and shoulders over
the parapet beside our bombers , using his Lewis gun like a rifle.
He ran through all his ammunition and waved for more. As he was
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2
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shouldering his gun to fetch it, he was hit by shrapnel and the xx
gun pitched away. He was wounded.
Another Lewis gunner , Pennicuik of the same battalion,
was always standing up by Skillbeck; for an hour at least, I am
told, he threw bombs, when the arms of the others were worn out.
The bombers of the battalion were practically all killed or wounded.
Sergt. Blair, A Coy 5th Bn , when the battalion was deploying in
the night, was making sure that the men spread out. I am told he
was quite careless of his own safety, going up and down and xxxxxx
forcing them to deploy and seeing that they did it.
I heard that Serg.Heaton of the 9th Bn, who did
great work, was killed, He was famous in Gallipoli, and they all
say he did well this night. There is another old n.c.o. of the 9th
whose name I have forgotten who did great work and was killed. I
will try to get his name again.
2/Lieut R.M.White of the 2nd Bn on the first night was
apparently the only officer amongst groups of men from every
battalion who lost themselves xx towards the N.E. of the objective, He
took charge and organised them and xxxx the digging of a line in
that part of the village on the first night seems to have been
largely due to him. He was just xxxxx E.N.E of the hedge with the guns x
in it, about the right of our first nights line - an area in
which events were very uncertain.
I have not seen Angel himself, or anyone who xxx
actually saw him. But xxxxxx the signal officer of the 2nd Bde
knows of the facts.
Yours sincerely,
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3
Reinforcements:
August 15. Anderson called in by General Woodward at the War office
A. writes to Birdwood to say that the War Office is
getting anxious about the reinforcements for the Australian
divisions and has decided to (1) break up the 3rd
Australian division or (2) take a draft from the 3rd
Australian divn (between 3000and 6000 men probably) to
make up. Anderson says he has wired to Australian that
the latter course has been decided upon , retaining the
3rd Australian division in the meantime anyway.
August 16. Birdwood wires to Australia that he regrets that Anderson
sent his wire the day before without reference to him
- he thinks that he can find an arrangement by which the
3rd division need not be interfered with.
August. Birdwood thinks that if the Australian Govt. can send a
special draft in November of 20,000 men, and 16,500 or
25 per cent (for the infantry 5 divisions) during the xxx
next three months after that, the 3rd division can still
be retained and the xxxx divisions all of them kept up
to strength.
Birdwoods suggestion to bring the 11th and 12th Regiments
of Light Horse over from Egypt, or the whole of the
Light Horse, if possible, is taken up by Woodward. But
the G.H.Q. of the Eastern Exped.Force says that in view
of the state of affairs on the Canal it does not want to
spare any of the light Horse - so this has to be rejected.
August 31st. Hughes accepts the request of the War office. The
reinforcements previously promised were 140 officers and
11,650 men per month. The war office requests, owing to
"the heavy casualties"- (I think it is "very heavy cas.")-
suffered by the Australian divisions , the special draft
of 20,000 for November and 16,500 a month for three
months after.
November 9th. Australian Governments requests for extra transports
is cancelled from Australia.
November 11th. Sir Munro Ferguson wires a message from Hughes saying
that he regrets that Australia cannot keep her promise to
send the special draft of 20,000 in November. If not too
late, and if the 3rd Division can be kept in England without
altering plans too seriously, it is thought that
reinforcements for 4 divisions can be kept up on the 15
per cent scale.
Gen. Monash had been previously informed by the War Office
that the drafts from his division must be prompt, and that
the 3rd division would not be allowed to go abroad in
any case until the drafts for the other divisions were x
fully made up.
November 16th. Honar Law informs Australian Govt. that the 3rd Division
must go abroad on November 21 as arranged as the xxx
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plans would otherwise be too seriously interfered with. It is hoped
that even if the special draft of 20,000 cannot be kept up for November,
either the whole or part of it, yet every effort would be
made to keep the five divisions up to strength by reinforcements.
On November 11 the Australian Government asked that, as it
was understood that training would better be carried out in England
than in Australia, the War Office would concur in the giving to
recruits of a very short period of training in Australia.
xxxxxxx The War Office concurred, but added on November 17
that it was hoped that the six first weeks training could be given in
Australia as contained in a previous communication, and that
that if men had to be kept in Australia more than 6 weeks waiting xx
should be gone on with.
Monash's objection to breaking up his division, written to
Birdwood after a letter from B. of abt Nov.16th, was that his division
contained no great proportion of men at any advanced state of
training. Except for a few old Anzac hands - men and officers -
whom he relied on as a nucleus, the others were all being trained
together. What he had done was to send a proportion of his men and
officers to Lewis Gun, and other schools, and he was employing xxx
these to train the rest. It was obviously very undesirable to take
away these.
The quota supplied by him was finally whittled down by arrangement
to a little under 2000.
White marked the papers of Nov.11 - 16 , when sent over by
Anderson for the information of A.I.F.Headquarters here : "Seen -
very sad ".
Griffiths thinks that if we are in for no actual scrapping
during the winter , we shall build up enough to make good the 5
divisions.
72
72/85
5
PRESS R.T.P.
COMMONWEALTH GAZETTE MELBOURNE
BRITISH HEADQUARTERS FRANCE NOVEMBER EIGHTEEN. THIS BATTLE OF
SOMME IS CONTINUING UNDER CONDITIONS XX IN WHICH WORLD HAD
PREVIOUSLY TAKEN IT FOR GRANTED IT IMPOSSIBLE TO FIGHT STOPXXXXXXXXXXX IF THIS IS PART OF GREAT EFFORT TO ASSIST ROUMANIA IT IS
WELL THAT WORLD SHOULD KNOW HOW DETERMINED THAT EFFORT IS STOP
CONSTANT XXXXXX AUTUMN RAIN UNENDING MUD OF LAST FEW WEEKS CHANGED
SOME DAYS SINCE TO BITTERLY COLD CLEAR DAYS STOP YESTERDAY
EVEN AT MIDDAY ROADS POOLS WERE FROZEN FACT STOP THIS MORNING
FOUND WHOLE COUNTRY UNDER WHITE COVERING SNOW STOP DURING DAY THIS
TURNED TO SLEET THEN STEADY RAIN STOP TONIGHT XXX DRIPPING WINTERS
FOG COVERS BATTLEFIELD STOP THROUGH ALL THIS SOMME BATTLE
CONTINUES STOP NO COMFORTABLE TRENCHES THERE STOP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
BATTLE GROUND XXXXXXXXXXX HAS BEEN SHATTERED AS NO OTHER BATTLE
GROUND EXCEPT VERDUN EVER EVEN STOP TRENCHES ARE NO MORE THAN MUD
SHALLOW DITCHES IN WHICH MEN HAVE TO FACE OUT LONG FREEZING WINTE
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nights stop THROUGH ALL THIS GOES ON PERIODICAL ATTACK COUNTERATTACK
WITH INCESSANT SHELLING MORE OR LESS HEAVY XXXXXXXXXX NIGHT AND
DAY STOP IT IDLE PRETEND MEN ARE NOT UNDERGOING VERY SEVERE
HARDSHIP STOP FEW DAYS SINCE I PASSED AUSTRALIAN BATTALION COMING
OUT OF LINE STOP IT FIRST TIME I EVER SEEN AUSTRALIAN TROOPS PASS
WITHOUT SINGLE SMILE ON ANY MANS FACE STOP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MAN AFTER MAN PASSED EVERYONE VERY GRIM ^VERY PALE VERY VERY TIRED STOP TWO
DAYS LATER SAME TROOPS WERE OLD CHEERFUL SELVES STOP REST IS FIRST
AND LAST NEED OF THESE MEN XXXX AND ONLY WAY I KNOW OF BY WHICH
AUSTRALIANS CAN HELP THEM IS BY COMING HERE THEMSELVES TO GIVE THEM
REST STOP WINTER HAS ONLY JUST BEGUN AND THESE THINGS HAVE BE FACED
THROUGH FOUR OR FIVE MONTHS OF ENDLESS BITTER NIGHTS STOP IF DIVISIONS
ARE KEPT UP TO STRENGTH MEN CAN GET REST AND WITH REST
THESE XXX TRIALS ARE BEARABLE STOP BUT IF DIVISIONS /ALLOWED FALL BELOW
STRENGTH THIS IS SIMPLY ASKING MEN HERE TO SLAVE UNTIL THEY DROP
STOP IF YOU PUT MAN HOWEVER SPLENDID TOO OFTEN XXXXXX UNDER UNBEARABLE
STRAIN YOU WILL BREAK HIM AND THAT IS RISK WHICH XXXXXXXX
THESE MAGNIFICENT AUSTRALIAN DIVISIONS ARE THREATENED WITH STOP
AUSTRALIAN COMFORTS FUNDCAN DO MUCH BUT REAL NEED CAN ONLY BE XX
MET BY ACTUAL HELP OF XXX MEN STOP XXXX IN THIS WEEKS FIGHTING
GERMANS REGAINED XXXXXX TRENCH WHICH AUSTRALIANS WON TWO DAYS
BEFORE STOP GERMANS ATTACKED FROM FRONT AND FLANK INDRIVING XXXXX
FEW BRITISH TROOPS ON FLANK STOP YOUNG/WESTERN AUSTRALIAN OFFICER LED
HIS MEN STRAIGHT OUT IN OPEN AGAINST ADVANCING GERMANS AND THIS
BOLD MOVE WAS SUCCEEDING WHEN OFFICER HIT STOP MEN WITHOUT LEADER
WERE OUTDRIVEN BEAN
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7
Headquarters
Australian Imperial Force
12th Infantry Brigade
Western Front, France DEC 12
Telephone address Cable address Telephone (several)
as above as above Vicinity 1218
In reply please quote
My dear Bean
The above seems to me a waste of time but if you why not me?
What I dont understand is this: a man what has once Bean a
Judges Associate (I expect at a Bar) must be able to believe evidence -
no evidence, no belief. Your evidence like mine rests on 2 cases
we believe to be well & truly reported. The man Jobson has a Brigade
pill again a man that has worked for a paper known that
what a reader wishes to believe - that is the truth: though it be
a bloody lie, a gross exageration or a joke.
At present the situation is this - I speak as a Boche -
Monash, an apostate, desires to increase his chance of success
promotion reward by any means how foul whatsoever and applies
to a sergeant named Bean whose venal pen is ever at the disposal
of a unscrupulous Government & its minions - sewer rat
writes rot about prisoners treatment to inflame the hearts
of the attackers; this Rot is circulated to the murderers
units and the worst is given unofficially but none the less
quite definitely - no quarter. After the attack enquiry
is made as to the unofficial orders being carried out
and compliance proved by a British Commander. Latter
Gott be praised has not enough wit to keep quiet and
blurts the whole truth out. It is true because not one
officer or man of the AIF dares to deny it least of all
the Arch murderer or the sewer rat who distils his
person in safety behind the line and who is remarkedly
a soft second job. Fellow Boches, let us kill all AIF
who as a whole either do or approve such things.
My dear Bean do you believe in the "hysteria
of the man who was there" or not? If you do why not
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19/87A
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very kindly and delicately prick their bladders
since you can do so by reference to what case to
fairly believe of the Boche and of us ie. about 2½ %
some few men can get as near as 60% of the Truth as they
believe it much in turn may be somewhere about 50% of the
real matter and as time goes on the percentage falls I do
not believe that the average man can tell the same yarn
twice the same. I dont believe he can tell the plain
"unvarnished" if he really met under the circs that
Jobson met to.
Send him home to Tassy a la Jobson — Better all
a bit locally on the sore spot — put me on to write
a yarn — and I wouldn't trust myself unless I knew
of a whole pod full of Beans ready to say "Isnt it sad
he thinks these haps happened."
Official action by censors is of minor value since it
is temporary in effect it is the written word that remains.
I do not for one moment request you should tattle the
line but merely an essay on mental condition of all.
Soldiers know certain emotions. Now your views are evidence
later on they will be made in order to refute evidence and of
the value whatever. And I really dont want to resign my
commission and compete with you — I much prefer to try and
lead you to the light tendering the charges against us of
Murder — Venery — Indiscipline
Believe me these things are of as much importance as all
the cursed records. You know well that I am collecting data
and propaganda, "cooperating " and 'coordinating" the lot into a
Book which I shall call "Bean and what might have Bean"
the subtitle being " What I dream I would have done had I been Bean"
This is of course merely a threat
Yours ever
J Gellibrand
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