Charles E W Bean, Diaries, AWM38 3DRL 606/269/1 - 1918 - 1936 - Part 4

Jan 19. House (Seym) sends Wilson resoln contg 3 declarns as to vital need for L of N & its functions -
w draft covenant (prepd by Lt R.Cecil). Wilson approved of Brit resolns.
Jan 21 Ten discussed these.
Jan 22 Ten approved these.
Jan 23: Brit Delegn met. ^at Villa Majestic 4-6 p.m. 1st Crit. of Wilson. Impract.
Ll. G., Balf. Barnes. Reading Borden. Montague.
(Jones, Hankey, Christie (Can), Bremner
Jan 24. S.W.C. met 10.3 - 12.30
              Ten          "   3 - 5.15 p. Quay D'Orsay.
(1) Poland Missions
(2) Territl. adjustments. Bord. Hughes. Smuts. Massey explained
their interests.
Gr B. ready to accept internatln for Togold, Kameroun,
S E Africa - This left Sam. Pac. Is. Japan had
propd Equator as a line.
Sat. Jan 25. Plenary session. Passes resoln re xxxx L.of N., & covenant Comission. Small Powers demand more members on Comms
Mond Jan 27 TER: Pichon to attend & discuss African colonies.
Mtg of Austrlns in Engld backs Hughes. Needed the I's, etc
10.30 - 12.30 commissions defined. Dom. delegs warned but not wanted
After: Exch. of views of G. Cols. China & Dom's heard. Koo, China,
Mins for For. Aff., speaks re Kiao Chao. Baron Makins, for Jap., asked for Gy's rights in Shantung
Gr progress on Pac. I's. Right of S. Afr. to Germ. S.W. Afr. admitted.
Amer. wd like whole of Pac. I's tn over by Jap Gr B. (?)
Brit. bound to Japan, & wants Dom's to have Pac. I's.

B.E.D. Majestic. 6.30 p. (Ll G. Barnes, Borden, Hankey, A. Jones, Christie, Latham. Montague - not Cecil)
Latham's suggestn ↑

[*At same time:
Aftn. Hoare, R.Cecil, D.Miller, Sir
W. Wiseman confer - House
agrees S A & Aust to have
Col's., but as mandatories.
People may vote 6 pt of mand.
H. & Cecil agreed on draft Covt. exc.
re mandates. (See Seymour).*]
Tues Jan 28. House wrote to Wilson tt whole Brit. delegn exc. Hughes were oppd to Hughes re annexn V. mandatory system, suggs pattern of argumts
Ten  11-12-30 Dom's prest. also China. Aust, N.Z., Jap, China
spoke. V.K. Wellington Koo, minister, asked for restorn of leased terry.

(Decided in April).
3p. Brit Del. meets at Hotel Majestic. (Ll. G., Balf, Barnes, Borden.
Mont., Cecil; Hankey, Cl. Jones, Garran, Christie Latham)
? after this Latham suggs. change of draft of covt. re mandates.
4-6 Dom's  perst. Italns. (Simon exptd Fr demands.
Turn of events disturbs Wilson. It & Brit want mandates, if gn, gn 
immedly. Wilson had in mind to make public statement. 

10.30 am. Smuts & House conferred. Saints had drafted a paper of wh Ll.G. & some
appd, but not yet shown to W M H. or Massey. House said tt gt concessns had bn
made, & , w few alterns, ws ready to accept.
Wed Jan 29.  Times showing anxiety - Wilson too silent.
Ten. mg. Polish delegates Ll. G. absent.
aftn Czecko Slovaks
11.30 am. Brit delegn meets at 23 Rue Nitot.
(Ll. G. Barnes, Borden, Foster, Massey, Hughes, Smuts.)
(Jones,. Hankey, Rogers Lane, Kisch). 

Ll. G. gets Smuts resoln thro the Brit. delegn. House sent
resoln to Wilson w note saying he appd. Wilson wdnt accept it as whole or imdly.
[*? After this Hughes agrees to Ll. G. leaves
Hankey to draft a solutn.*]
Night: mtg of Brit War Cabt (? says Times). Motion drawn up wh
tries to bridge gap betw Hughes & Wilson.
Jan 30. Ten 11-1 Repres of Doms, Pichon & Salvago- Royzi. Considd motion of Brit. W.C. Hughes spoke at length. Wilson will probly accept.
3.30 - 6 Solution for Colonies in Turkey in Asia. G Colonies. Balfr exptd Belgn
view re Congo. "In aftn satisfy provl. arrgts were reached for
dealing w / G. Cols. & / occpd terry in Turkey in Asia."
"Times" says W's argts gly impressed / Brit. Cabt Delegn.
Brit. Govt accepts its own mandates & keenly examined proposals for/
Dom. ones. War C. agreed to mandates if a proper formula can be found.
Aftn or mg: Wilson made threat of exposure to press.
Cecil & House agreed on Covt, agreeing on Col^l qn. At same time Presdt
was having a first class row w Ll. G., Clemenceau, Hughes, & Massey.
Agrt Became Article 22 of the Covenant. Commiss of 19 left it untouched.
Jan 31. Hughes in interview w "Matin" sd he wd still fight for direct possessn.
"There is no question of . . . . conquests or imperialism or aggrandisement.
The qn is whether your territory is secure, as solid as / roof
sheltering you." 

Brit. Emp. Delgn. Attendance (From Times).
at Villa Majestic
Jan 27. 6.30 pm Ll G. Barnes. Borden
Hankey, [Clund.,?] Christie x Latham : ? Latham drafts article.
Montague -(not Cecil)
Jan 28 3 pm.  Villa Majestic
Ll G. Balf. Barnes Borden
Hankey, [[?]]. Garran
Latham. (not Christie)
Moutague, Cecil.
29^th: 11.30 am Rue Nitot
Ll G. Barnes Borden,
Montague
(A Jones, Hankey, Lane Kisch secties)
Jan 23. 4-6 pm Villa Majestic
Ll G. Balf. Barnes, Reading
Borden - Montague.
(Jones. Hankey Christie Bremner) 

References in "Times" to dispute over Mandates
Jan 23 - 31, 1919
Paper
24 Jan 23. Brit Emp Delegn met (Times 24) 1st crit. of Wilson. impract.
Ten. at Villa Majestic. Prest. Ll G. Balf. Barnes. Reading Borden etc.
(Hankey Jones Christie Brebner)
25. Frid Jan 24. SWC met 10.30 - 12.30.  Attended by Presdt & War leaders
Ten met 3-5.15p. Quai d'Orsay.
(1) Poland missions discussed.
(2) Qn of Territl readjustmts. Borden, Hughes, Smuts, Massey
prest & explained their interests.
Gr B quite ready to accept some form of neutralizn for Togoland
Kameroun & G. E. Africa. This left Samoa & Pac. Is. Japan 
had proposed Equator as line.
Sat Jan 25. 2nd? Plenary Session Small powers demand more members on Commiss.
Sat Jan 26.
Mond 27. Ten. Pichon to attend & discuss Afr. colonies.
Mtg of Austlns in Engl. backs Hughes needed the Ts 'shall be placed effectively
undr Brit control if necy under mandate o / L of N."
Jan 27. 6.30 pm.10.30 - 12.30 - Ten: To define Commissions
Aftn. Exchange of views on former G. Colonies Doms &
China were heard
Watt had telepd - Austln views - G B or Aust to control Is.
6.30 pm. Brit Emp Delgn at Villa Majestic. (Hankey, Jones
Christie (Can) & Latham Secties) Ll G., Barnes, Borden etc
[*Ws this the
mtg Latham
means?*]
Delegates werent wanted in mg tho' warned.
In aftn Ten had Koo before it. (China Min for For Affairs
re Kiao chao)
Gt progress on Pac. Is. Right of SA to GSW. admitted
Germ. EA to Brit as mandatory (tho Belg claims exist)
Pac Is remain. Austln view - tt Europn powers dont apprec their pt.
Amer. wants whole tn over by Gr.B.
Brit bound to Jap, & xxxx Dominions to annex Pac Is.
Jan 28 Ten. 11-12.30 p. Doms prest. China. (Aust, NZ. Jap. China spoke)
4-6.30 p. Doms prest. Italns (Simon expld Fr demands)
Brit. Del. 3p. Majestic. Same Secs w Garran.
Brit?
[*or this?*]
[*Was Cecil there?*]

MUNICIPALITY OF CANTERBURY
INCORPORATED JUNE 1879.
N.S.WALES
TELEPHONE
U.2877
(4 LINES)
ALL COMMUNICATIONS
TO BE ADDRESSED TO
THE TOWN CLERK
IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE ____
TOWN HALL,
CANTERBURY.
HLD.EM
4th December, 1935.
Dr. C. W. Bean
Clifton
Ortona Road
LINDFIELD N.S.W.
Dear Sir,
In compliance with your request, 2 copies
of plan of the land acquired for Park and Recreation
purposes at Earlwood is are attached.
Yours faithfully
E Jay
(E. Jay)
TOWN CLERK. 

[*Jan 29 Times showing anxiety. Wilson too silent.
Ten 11-1 p. Polish delegates heard
3.30 0- 6 p. Czecho Slovals heard.
11.30 am 23 Rue Nitot.
LI.G., Barnes,
Borden Fowler
Massey [[Hughes?]]
Smuts
(Jones, Hankey
Lane, Kisch)
An appeal from Aust Corrept to Engl.
If I want an expert. This isnt place for it.
Mr Watt's cable expressed oppn to "any form of internal Govt" of Is.
Frankly for defence. Aust. wanted to"safegd its future beyond
doubt."
Jan 30: Ten  11-1   ) Repres of Doms. Pichon &
                 3.30 - 6. ) Salvago- Rozzi
In aftn solution for Colonies in Turkey in Asia. & Germs Colonies
In aftn Belgns expld Belg view re Congo.
"In / afternoon satisfactory Provisional arrgts
were reached for dealing w / German Colonies & /
Occpd Terry in Turkey in Asia"
Wilson to leave within fortnight.
Nations which ought to get Cols. will, but from L of N.
It has bn propd tt in case of a contig. or nearly
contig. Terrty the mandatory may apply its own
reglns for immign.
This xxxx wd meet Aust &
SA needs
Jan 30. Repts appd wh Times (wh didnt print them)
contradd next day as mischievous.
Times says (31) Wils's argts have made a gt
imprn on / Brit delegn & bn accepted by
Fr.
Brit Govt accepts for its own mandates &
keenly exams. for dominion ones.
War Cabt agrees to mands. if a proper formula
can be found.
In mg: The motion considd ws tt drawn up
at mtg of Brit War Cabt last night.
Tries to bridge gap between USA & Aust - Jap.
Hughes & Simon spoke at length - Wils probly
prepd to accept
Jan 31. Ten met 3 pm.
Poland & Czecho S.
"Times." (Feb 1)
Brighter - due to announctn of
provisl arrgt. re G.Cols & Turkey.
(Times has the solution)
Times welcomes it.
Hughes in interview w Matin
sd he wd still fight for direct.
possn. Appeal to Fr. for security
"There is no question of conquest or
implism or aggrandisement. The
qn is whether your terry is secure,
as solid as / roof sheltering you."*]

The intimate papers of Col House (IV) by Seymour
Jan 19: House sends Wilson resolutn containing 3 declaratns as to ^vital need for L of N & its
functions - w draft covenant (prepd by xx R. Cecil). Wilson appd Brit.resolns.
Council discussed these Jan 21, endorsed them Jan 22. Plenary Confce
passed resoln Jan 25.
Jan 24 Dom Present at Ten.
Jan 27 Dom. Prens. at Ten. House, R.Cecil, ^David [?Millerby?], & Sir W Wiseman comp.
in aftn. House agrees tt SA & Aust shd have colonies but tt they
shd have them as mandatories. People shd be able to vote
themselves pt of Aust & NZ (Wilson wd agree)
At Quay d'Orsay Ll G. ws taking a difft view

Later an article drafted by Smuts for difft types of mandates

proved a solution.
At this Confce Cecil & House agreed on a draft covenant exc., at first, as to
G. Colonies - House sd mandaty. principle shd apply to these, but Cecil
sd he cdn't get his view adopted. House sd Colony by applying shd be able to
change the mandatory. Cecil sd dom's wd not consent. House sd wd be
better for Brit. Empire to do as he sugg^d - colonies probly in end wd vote themselves
for annexn. (Ll G. at Ten ws saying opposite. Balf & Cec. same view as House.
House urged Cec. to commit PM & Balf to the draft covenant).
Jan 28 House wrote to W. tt all Brit delgn exc.
Hughes were oppd to ^his stand for annexn as agst mandatory system.
House suggs whole of argts on both sides be publd.
Evg. 9.30 pm. Turn of things tt aftn. much appl disturbed Wilson at turn of
Fr & Brit now demand imd actions if mandates gn.
Presdt had in mind to make a public statement.
House suggd tt he bring it before next Confce.
Jan 29.  10.30 am. Smuts & House conferred. He had drafted a paper of wh
Ll G. & some appd but not yet shown to Hughes & Massey.
House saw tt gt concessions had bn made & w few
alterns ws ready to accept.
11.30 am Ll. G. stayed away from the Ten ('cut' it) and after Smuts return
got the resoln thro / Brit delegn.
Meanwhile House sent resoln to Co. of Ten in note saying he appd. W. wdnt accept it
as a whole or at once.
Jan 30. (Wilson ^at Co. of Ten made a threat of exposure to press.)
Cecil & House agreed on Covenant, agreeing on Col^l qn.
p.310  At same time Presdt ws having a first class row with Ll G.
A. H. & M. 

A Histy o / Peace Confce of Paris
Vol II Temperley
II/26
"The qn of mandates, an essential feature o / League, ws
raised in the Co. of Ten at an early mtg in January;
it imdly became / subj of acute controversy, & /
whole project seemed in danger of splitting on /
rock of S. African & Austln nationalism. The
sitn ws saved by a carefully drafted compromise
wh appears bodily in Art 22 of the
covenant & ws left untouched by the Council of
Nineteen thro'out its deliberatns. Such occurrences
clearly warned the promoters o / League to shun
embarassing & inflammatory matter." 

Temperley V 1/377
On Jan 27 Baron Makino for Japan asked for G's rights in Shantung province
On January 28. Minister V.K. Wellington Koo asked for restorn of leased
terrty to China, pleading duress.
Qn wsnt decided till April. 
Felt legal claim of Japs story; moral of Chinese story.
Feb. Mar. Ap. Japanese wanted Racial Equality clause
By Apr. both J. & Ch. ^seemed to be considg compromise.
Apr 23. Wilson's Fiume manifests.
Apr 25 after Italys withdrl Jap. threatened withdrl.
Engl & Fr. cdnt object. Japan sd she wd retain only economic privileges in Shantung.
Wilson yielded.
Wilson insisted tt Chinese - Jap aggtt of 1915 & 1918 be
indept of this.
Afterwds (as before) Japs sd these must stand.
Finally China wdnt sign & Jap. ws left in possessn
had to am. not signing treaty.
But at Washington Confce 4.Feb 1922 China
& J. signed a treaty by which J. withdrew taking only
economic rights.
503/ All G. rights to colonies vested by treaty in allied & assocd powers.

Therefore Supreme Council, not League, allotted mandates on 7/5/19.
(S.C. attended by Brit, Fr, It, Jap, USA. 7 May)
Allotted holders of B & C Mandates.
Nauru go to Brit Emp.
C Mandates approved by League of N. 17/12/20
515/  Japan deposited xxxx declarn of protest when ^Council of League
ratified "C" Mandates. Sastri similar protest re Germ. S W Afr.
Americans objd to mandate for Yap contg owing to
provns allowing Jap. laws (as to cable employees being all Japs.)
to prevail. But xxxx 1922 ^Four Power Treaty at Washington settled it.
By this treaty USA extends protn of Treaty to mandated Is, but
doesnt agree to mandates; but by Yap Treaty of 11/2/22
it consents to whole Jap mandate of Is N of Equator.
C mandates came in force 17/12/20. 

L. of N. & Peace Confce.
16.2.1917.  Brit & F. Exch. of ideas w Japan as to Shantung & Pacific Is.
Japans pt ws really naval asstce in Meditn.
(agrt to support Jap.'s claims).
Turkey:  Arrgmts & conversns betw. G.B., Fr. etc. re pipe lines.
[But these things wd happen. If they hadn't gone to Gy Fr or
Brit they wd to It. or U.S.A. For Brit. it was oil for Navy.]
C.E.W.B.
N Turkey.
Sazonov - Paléoloque (Mar? 1916) gave SE of Black Sea to Russia inatly
Tabriz, Erzerum, up to Persia. Fr to Syria.
S.Turkey. Sykes-Picot Treaty, May, 1916. Fr. Syria to Tigris. Gr Brit.
Mespot - (Arab State & Pal - for future agrt.).
Italy now wanted something, &, while Balf. in America,
Ll. G. prom^d them Smyrna (promd at St Jean de Maurienne).
In Dec 1918 when Clem. in Engl. asked for Confirmatn
of above treaties, Ll. G. asked for Marul, & Palestine.
(Brit wanted rly Bagdad-Haifa within own sphere of inflce
entirely. This was to safegd oil supplies from depce on Fr.)
This ws referred to Co. of Four, 20.3.19.
[Note: America ws not bound by Secret Treaties only bec. she ws last to come into
the war.] Where ws Engl. without oil? Amer. wd have done just / same.]
May 22. 1919 Transpired tt powerful oil Corp xxx ^interests (Fr & Brit) were then negotg
for laying pipeline Mespot - Tripoli. Begun by Brit (Wallis Long)
but Ll G. & Clem. sd they knew nothing. Ll. G. on discovering
it (apptly from Clemenceau's disapproval) cancelled
/ negns.
Baker's judgment is on whole right I/80.
Presidt tried to combat this by providing L of N as
a cleaner way in future, even where he had to
compromise
[Gy also ws making secret promises - even in Mexico. Therefore Allies were
to some extent forced
Wilson's "plain people" = Brit. "common people."
/89  26/11/18 W. Churchill at Dundee: "he ws a friend o / League of
Nations, but it ws no subst. for / supremacy o / Brit. fleet".
Ll. G's "Hang / Kaiser" electn on 14/12/18 had returned a govt. pledged
to a harsh peace - to make / Gs. pay / cost o / war.
Senator Lodge in Senate 21/12/18 sd tt there must be heavy
indemnities & "in these indemnities the U.S. must have its proper
& proportional share" & Sen G. Johnson & Borah for isolation.
Wilson was for "humanity first." They for "America first."
/103  Wilson & the Plain People: "Gentlemen" (Pleny Sess - 25 Jan)
"the select classes of mankind are no longer the govrs of
mankind. The fortunes of mankind are now in / hands
o / plain people o / whole world."
/112  Wilson's progr. (1) to start w plain principles of justice
(2) to have these applied not by diplomats &
politns but by dispassionate scientists.
Only once he appealed to people over the head of repves - over
Italy's claim to Fiume - & then he failed. In the
struggle with France over Saar ("the dark horse") when 
Co. of 4 establd, he had to compromise. 

Peace Confce: "Woodrow Wilson & World
Settlement" by Ray Stannard Baker.
Stannard Baker I/39 Publn of Secret Treaties by
Isvestiya 17.11.17. (esp. relatg to Turkey)
Publd in Engld by Manch. Guardian, 12.12.17 but by few others. Rest of allied press ignored them.
Treaty of Lond. w Italy 26 Apr 1915.
Roumania later.
5 Jan 1916. ^Balfour to Wilson. Llyd G. wanted release from some pledges to Unions.
They insisted on War Aims Statement.
Ll.G consulted oppn. leaders & Lab. leaders
& publd aims: similar to Wilsons.
Cdn't  consult allies.
That day Ll. G. made his War Aims' sp. to T U Congress
in London.
Balf asks if Presid & himself will make 
a statement (desirable bec. of Bolshevik
Statements).
Ll. G. in speech disavowed Imperialistc. aims relatg
to Turkey. He recogd^. separate national condns
o / subject lands & sd tt / previous agrt. o /
nations were not to prevent free discn. bec.
Rn collapse changed all tt.
He did'nt refer to treaties w Japan.
Secret Treaties
4 Mar 1915 w Russia: R to get Constple ^& straits after successful xx
provided demands of Fr. & R. in
Turkish Emp & other places are satisfd.
Holy Moslem places to be under indept Moslem
rule. Free trade thro Cpl exc. to & fr. Russia.
Neutral zone of Persia to go to Brit. sphere
of influ.
Ap 26 1915 (Lond) w Italy. (Concession to "sacro egoismo" of
Salandra of 18.10.14) Gave It. the Trentino & Trieste;
Gorigia & Gradisca; a pt of Istria (w slavs) & Bremner
Pass (Tyrol) w 200,000 Germans. Also Dalmatia, Valona
(in Albania) but not Fiume. Dodekanese Is (off Crete & S.W. Asia
Minor); & terrty of Adalia. Also extn in Africa if Fr. & Brit.
extend there. (Publd by Bolshev. Nov 1917)
18 Aug 1916 Rumania. Gy promd Bessarabia (Rn) R. promd Transylvania
(Rum. people)
(Aust H). Also pt of Hungary, & the Banat (Serbs & H) & Bukovina
(Ruthenian). Serbs later bitter when found out.
11 Mar 1917. Fr. & Russia, in secret agrt. - Fr. to decide on fate
of Gy W. of Rhine, Russia free hand w Poland. (Feb - Mar 1917)
Fr. asks for Saar & Neutral auton. State to be estd on W of Rhine
[[ally?]]. Rhine to be Frontier.
19 Dec 1917 Balf in H of C. sd Brit Govt hadn't apprd.