Personal diary of Field Marshal Lord William Birdwood, 27 September 1915 – 28 November 1915

78  
September  [27 to 29]    27 MONDAY [270-95]         9th Month 1915 
Arno called for me 9.30 leaving Byng on  
board and we went over to Imbros to see Sir 
Ian who shared us telegrams about the possibility 
of our having to send 2 Divisions to Salonika 
to help the Greeks in the event of Bulgaria  
attacking Servia as seems likely. It all looks  
like a big muddle up, much depends on  
Romania. Good news from France & Russia which  
may just turn the scale with Balkan States.  
  
28 TUESDAY [271-94] 
Turkish aeroplane flew over us twice in  
night & dropped bombs which did no 
harm - they have evidently got new ammunition 
as guns fired a good deal. 
Went out to see Inglefield & went round 161st 
Bde trenches with him - studying ground 
there a lot. Saw Godley on way back. 
News from France good - 23,000 prisoners 
taken. 
  
29 WEDNESDAY [272-93] 
St Michael and All Angels. 
Michaelmas Day. Quarter Day 
Went out to left flank & all round 
Indian Bde with Palin who is [[offing?]] 
for Cox, sick. Went up their new line of  
trenches from Susak Kuyu towards hill 60. 
29th (Irish) Bde - Vandeleur left for me 
to go with their own 10th Division to  
Salonika in connection with Bulgarian 
trouble.

79 
1915 30 & 31 Days       30 THURSDAY [273-92]       [30 to 3] Sept & Oct 
Went to left flank & with Godley up to Burston’s 
7th Australian Bde on the Apex & all round 
trenches there. These rather improved specially 
on right— Down  - & then to 3rd Lt. Horse Bde. 
trenches on S.E. of Rhododendron spur. Antill 
in command & trenches good, machine gun 
commanding Snipers Nest. 
Dined on board New Zealand hospital ship 
Maheno. Saw Moorehead who had rt. arm & 
leg amputated day before - quite well & cheery. 
  
1 Oct FRIDAY [274-91] 
9h 44m A.M. (Greenwich) 
Cambridge Michaelmas Term begins. 
Pheasant Shooting begins 
Went up to Wire Gully & met Spencer Brown 
Cdmg.  6th A Inf Bde. Went along 22nd Bn 
trenches up to Lone Pine & then through 
24th Bn. trenches there - all going on well 
men very good & keen. White joined me as 
B.G vice Skeen sick at Malta - went on board 
cruiser Grafton with Wagstaff at 5 to watch bombardment  
of Chunuk Bair works - quite good. Dined with 
Capt Grace. 
  
2 SATURDAY [275-90] 
Went out to left with White - Found Inglefield 
little sick.  So went round Mudge’s 162nd Bde 
with da Costa = in centre facing Chunuk Bair 
up Aghyle Dere - trenches are pretty 
good. 
  
3 SUN - - 18 aft Trin [276-89] 
Went to Church parade with 19th Bn at head Monash Gully. 
& after went round Quinn's Post with Holmes - then on with 
White through Courtney's & Steel's. 21st Bn - Godley & 
Bentinck came in to tea.

80 
October [4 to 6]     4 MONDAY     [277–88]            10th Month  1915 
Turks started a good deal of bombardment 
about G - carried it all along line with 
rifle fire— either a stupid demonstration 
or to celebrate an event—certainly waste of 
ammunition— Went out to left flank with 
White & round 161st & 163rd Bdes of 54th Divn. 
along trenches with Daniel & through hill 60 with 
Ward. Trenches rather improved. 
  
5 TUESDAY [278–87] 
Dividends due at Bank 
White & I met Burston in Chailak & 
went up towards his left _ by 25th Bn up 
along Cheshire Ridge to Apex - 28th Bn. 
Some improvement there but our snipers  
have not yet got upper hand of Turks. 
Paton 28th were relieving 25th purposely 
to put this right. Came back with 
Chauvel past 1st L.H. Bde H.Q. 
  
6 WEDNESDAY [279–86] 
Went out with White round Indian Bde 
lines. Met Sykes & went round 2 of his 
Batterys on left flank — then with 
Palin to Susak Kuyu —  saw new 
lines his trenches are to take up 
to Hill 60 - & which will I hope be 
begun properly tonight. 
Went on board hospital ship Rewa 
to see Inglefield _ 54th Div. just gone on 
board & stayed to [[lunch?]].

81 
1915  31 Days            7 THURSDAY [280–85]             [7 to 10] October 
Taylor came over 11.30 & went with White & me 
round 1st & 3rd Lt. Horse Bde trenches with 
Chauvel. All up No. 3 Post, Destroyer Hill 
Camel's Hump & up towards Apex. Across 
Chailak & Sazli Beit Dere - & back by No.1 
not back till 6. 
Heard our 10th Divn. which had left Mudros 
for Salonika was recalled &  [[? reinforced?]] 
  
8 FRIDAY [281-84] 
9h 42m P.M. (Greenwich) 
Went round 6th Bde Australians from Wire 
Gully to & through Lone Pine with White 
& Spencer Brown. 
Sir Ian came over to lunch at 1 & we then  
walked over past xxxxxx Ind. Bde to 9th 
Corps going round Lovats Scouts & Fife & 
Forfar Yeomanry. Nearly walked into new & unheld 
line to Hill 60 on way back. Had tea with 
Godley on way home. 
  
9 SATURDAY [282–83] 
Went round 2nd Lt. Horse Bde (Cox) on extreme 
right. Found [[Snig’s?]]"bog" was now over 170 [[level?]] 
Tillard & Gurkha officers going round & took them 
on to 3rd Inf. Bde. Tillard came back to tea. 
Beastly storm last night which wrecked 
a lot of craft - drove everything ashore & broke 
both Anzac piers. 
  
10 SUN — 19 aft Trin [283–82] 
Went to service with 20th Bn. on Russells top. 
Afterwards through their trenches with Holmes & White. 
Also A & N.Z. guns & then by Bully beef track to 
Pope's & round 19th Bn.

82 
October [11 to 13]  11 MONDAY [284–81]    10th Month 1915 
Oxford Michaelmas Term begins 
Went round all N.Z. guns on left flank 
also Morriss 6" Howitzer Battery. Then 2 
Naval 4" guns we are just putting up on 
the shore towards Lala Baba & the 60 pdr. 
Battery. Heavy rain storm came & we 
got soaked to the skin. Godley. C. [[Aver?]] 
N. Johnston & White with me. 
  
12 TUESDAY [285–80] 
Michaelmas Law Sittings begin 
Went round all Australian guns on right 
flank with Hobbs, [[C. Aven? or Aver? ]] & White. 
Sir Ian came over 1.30 - also Bishop of 
China who held a Confirmation service. 
Took Sir Ian up to Walker's top with 
Legge & round 20th Bn. with Holmes & 
Fitzgerald. de Crespigny sent to hospital ship. 
  
13 WEDNESDAY [286–79] 
Went to left flank to see new Eastern Mtd. 
Bde just arrived under Hodgson, late 15 Hussars, 
Welsh Horse, Suffolk & Norfolk Yeomanry. Inglefield 
seedy. Report that Turks had mined right under our 
trenches on Hill 60. Went there at once with Hodgson 
& de Costa & found as I thought it was a wasp’s nest. 
Went round positions there. 
Walker was wounded by maxim in 3rd Bde 
trenches in arm & hip. Went on board hospital 
Valdina to see him, de Crespigny & Inglefield 
who came there. Stayed to dine with Capt 
Edwards [[RAMC?]]

83 
1915  31 Days  14 THURSDAY  287–78]    [14 to 17] October 
Fire Insurances Expire 
Met Spencer Brown at Wire Gully & went 
along 21st Bn through Steel's & Courtney's posts 
with him - and 5th Bde, 17th Bn at Quinn's. 
All well & very quiet. 
Sir Victor Horsley came to dinner with me. 
  
15 FRIDAY [288–77] 
1h 52m p.m. (Greenwich) 
Suddenly started an attack of dysentery &  
had to sit very tight all day. Howse & 
Tozer came to see me & took some oil. 
Quiet day. 
  
16 SATURDAY [289 76] 
Staying in bed for the day by Howses 
orders but got wire from G.H.Q. saying 
Sir Ian wished to see me on very urgent [[matter?]] 
at once & sent destroyer for me. Arrived Imbros to find orders just 
rec'd recalling Sir Ian & Braithwaite, apptg. Sir C. Monro to command 
& me to take over command pending his arrival. Very hard lines as 
Sir Ian & Monro cannot do more without more men & ammunition. 
  
17 SUN—20 aft Trin [290–75] 
Sir Ian left in H.M.S. Chatham after lunch. Braithwaite, Pollen  
& Maitland with him. Said goodbye on board boat as he was going on 
board Triad to say goodbye to Admiral de Robeck. Went to new H.Q. 
just ready & took over Commander-in-Chief M.E.F. & his quarters. 
Ellison acting as C.G.S. - as well as O.[[RC?]]

84 
October [18 to 20] 18 MONDAY [291–74] 10th Month 1915 
St. Luke. Evan. 
Quarter Sessions Week 
Not very fit, so Admiral de Robeck who 
came to see me, carried me off to H.M.S. 
Cornwallis where Capt. Davidson took 
greatest care of me where I was fixed 
up very comfy. 
On board all day. Ellison & Woodward 
bringing papers on board for me. 
  
19 TUESDAY [292–73] 
Beastly wet & cold. 
Ditto. 
  
20 WEDNESDAY [293–72] 
Went ashore after breakfast & did 
G.H.Q. work at Chief's quarters.

85 
1915     31 Days  21 THURSDAY  [294–71] [21 to 24] October 
Trafalgar Day (1805) 
Ditto. 
Davidson came ashore in afternoon 
& we went for long walk up a 
lovely valley - plenty of water & 
oleanders. 
  
22 FRIDAY [295 70] 
Ditto. 
Nasty cold rainy day. C in C's 
unit having no fireplace is very 
inferior as [[?]] to H.M.S. Cornwallis 
where I am very comfy. 
  
23 SATURDAY [296–69] 
0h 16m a.m. (Greenwich) 
Ditto 
Admiral came ashore & we 
went for walk after tea. 
  
24 SUN—21 aft Trin [297–68] 
Very wet. Parade service on lower deck [[forward?]]. Went 
ashore in afternoon when it cleared up & for walk  
with Davidson - along shore & up nice valley. 
Evening service in Captain's cabin.

86 
October     [25 to 27]     25 MONDAY [298–67] 10th Month     1915 
Went to call on Admiral on Triad in morning. He 
came ashore & we went for walk in afternoon & I 
dined with him on Triad. Met Bruce who had 
just come down Dardenelles in E 12. He had 
awful time being hunted whole way by guns, 
torpedoes & mines & at one time went down 
245ft. His hydroplanes & conning tower 
both being damaged by shells & [[bursts?]]. 
  
26 TUESDAY [299-66] 
Went to Cafe Helles in morning on "Arno". Lunched 
with Davies, Cmdg. 8th Corps & went round part 
of his position with him, riding up to extreme 
left & then across to right to [[Sed el Bahr?]]  & had 
tea with Genl. [[Brounard?]] Cmdg. the French  
Division at his H.Q. in the Castle - very  
interesting & trench arrangements good. 
  
27 WEDNESDAY [300-65] 
Genl. Sir C. Monro arrived at 5.p.m. 
on Chatham  & took over command of 
M.E.F from me. Went on board to see 
him & then returned to Cornwallis, 
where Ellerton of Cornwall dined.

87 
1915     31 Days     28 THURSDAY [301–64] [28 to 31]      October 
SS. Simon and Jude 
Called on Sir C. Monro on Chatham at 9 and took  
him ashore at Kephalo & up to G.H.Q. where  
he was introduced to staff. 
Lunched with Admiral on Triad & left 
Cornwallis with regret. Came over to Anzac 
on Chelmer - Davidson & Ellerton also 
coming across to tea & to see to lines & 
trenches. 
  
29 FRIDAY [302–63] 
I went up to left flank. Had lunch with  
Godley to meet Col. Rhodes who had lately 
arrived from New Zealand to look into all 
N.Z.I. [[? initial ]] arrangements. Went up after to  
Godley's left flank & Paton took us round a bit 
of 7th Bde. 
The Bishop in China dined with me. 
  
30 SATURDAY [303–62] 
Went round from Wire Gully to & through Lone Pine trenches 
with Legge & Holmes. Sir C. Monro arrived at 12 
& discussed our position - took him up to Plugge's 
plateau & showed him Quinn's & Courtney's posts. He 
left again 2. Dined on Endymion with Capt. 
Vyvyan. 
  
31 Sun—22 aft Trin [304–61 
4h 40m A.M. (Greenwich) 
Communion service with Bishop of China early. Col. Rhodes 
came over from Godley & we went up to 2nd Lt 
Horse service - then round all their trenches with 
Cox: he came back to lunch.

88 
November     [1 to 3]     1 MONDAY     [305–60] 11th Month   1915 
All Saints' Day. 
Holiday, Stock Exchange 
Davidson of Cornwallis was to have come ashore 
but too rough to land. “Louis” a new destroyer & a 
paddle tug of ours both went ashore during storm in 
night. Went out to Indian Bde where Hodgson & Palin met 
me & we went round their trenches in [[Susuk?]] Kuyu to Hill 
60. Then on with Ward round 163rd Bde trenches. 
Had tea with Godley. Got wire from G.H.Q. at 7 
saying I was to go over there at once for something 
very important. Left on Chelmer arrived 10.p.m. 
  
2   TUESDAY  [306–59] 
2nd wire from Sec of State asking for my opinion on 
situation as knew had recommended withdrawal 
of force from here to Egypt. I advised strongly on 
necessity remaining on. Byng & Davidson both 
agreed with him. Lunched with Admiral 
on Triad & came back to Anzac on 
Chelmer after. 
  
3 WEDNESDAY [307–58] 
Went out to left flank & up to Apex with 
Godley—7th Bde under Paton still there, but 
being shortly relieved by N.Z.'s. Trenches 
there much improved - went round then over 
to 3rd & 1st Lt. Horse Bde trenches under Antill 
& Chauvel, going right on through both 
Bdes & up to & over our old No. 1 post.

89 
1915    30 Days     4 THURSDAY [308–57] [4 to 7]     November 
Went over to G.H.Q. Kephalos, Imbros after breakfast. Found 
[[….st?]] wire from Lord K. waiting for me, telling me he was coming 
out to make all preparations for an expedition & landing at head 
Gulf of [[? Xsos ]]- that he refused to hear of evacuation & that I was 
to command Med. Expd. force vice Monro transferred to Salonika. I 
at once wired protesting against such expedition as disastrous &  
saying I hoped Monro would continue to command force. Got 
another wire at 11p.m. saying Navy cd. not risk a dash up 
Straits on which Gulf Xers expedition depended, & that I must 
make plans for evacuation. I replied suggesting hurrying on, but 
that if evacuation was carried out all the more necessary for 
Monro to remain on, as I must be with my own men. 
  
5 FRIDAY [309–56] 
Gunpowder Plot 
Got wire early morning from Sec of State informing me I had 
been apptd C-in-C of the Mediterranean Expdy Force & that Monro 
would go to Salonika. 
Went on to Suvla to see Byng & went round his left on  
Keretch Tepe over looking the [[? SER ]]: quite fairly strong & he 
should be able to hold his own. 
Lobo [[Lotbiniere was known as Lobo to his friends]] & Koe at dinner. 
  
6 SATURDAY [310–55] 
Got wire from Lord K saying we would now hold on here. Much 
relieved. 
Went over to my beloved Anzac in Colne at 1.30 & 
took Herbert Scott & White up to Russell's top: had 
tea & met Godley. Very sad indeed at prospect of 
leaving my Army Corps & Australians even for larger command. 
Came back in Colne at 6p.m. 
  
7 SUN—23 aft Trin [311–54] 
7h 52m A.M. (Greenwich) 
Parade service. Went over to Helles in 
Lawford to see 8th Corps. Rode with Davies to H.Q. 
of 42nd & 53rd Divisions & saw Douglas & Lawrence. 
Returned in Lawford 5.p.m.

90  
November    [8 to 10]    8 MONDAY    [312–53] 11th Month   1915 
Admiral de Robeck came back from  
Salonika & Mudros to see me & discuss the  
situation. After lunched walked with 
him to Kephalo & then to Aliki Bay to  
see about a possible breakwater there. 
Sampson, Sykes & Bertier came to  
dine here. Getting very cold. 
  
9 TUESDAY [313–52] 
Mohammedan Year 1334 begins 
King Edward VII. born, 1841 
Left Kephalo at 2.30 with Campbell 
in "Mosquito" for Mudros to meet my 
beloved old Chief. On arrival went on 
board "Triad" & "Lord Nelson" where I stayed. 
Went to dine on board "Chatham" to meet 
& talk over plans with Sir H. McMahon, 
Sir C. Monro & Sir J. Maxwell. 
  
10 WEDNESDAY [314–51] 
Dear old Lord K. arrived 8.30 in "Dartmouth" & came 
on board "Lord Nelson". We had meeting in morning 
of the 3 M’s & me & discussed plans for future in 
event of having to abandon Peninsula & K. sent long 
wire to Prime Minister with our proposals. 
Delighted to see him again & he was absolutely  
charming. We had long talks all day, he told me 
all about W.C. having forced this [[? sham ]] to which he was 
opposed in Cabinet, Fisher acquiescing. Queen E. being  
held up as unsuitable, before she was withdrawn. K. 
attacked Fisher & Co, where he [[?]] resigned. 
de Robeck had all Generals here to dinner on Lord Nelson.

91 
1915    30 Days    11 THURSDAY    [315–50] [11 to 14]    November 
Martinmas. Scottish Quarter Day. 
Half Quarter Day 
Went ashore with Lord K & took him all round 
the troops at Mudros. Over 14,000 reinforcements 
who paraded under Burston - past hospitals & 
trench to 2nd Australian Bde under Forsyth. Motored 
round past head of Bay & several Greek villages. 
We all lunched with Altham on board "Aragon" & 
returned to "Lord Nelson" after. 
  
12 FRIDAY [316–49] 
We were to have gone to Anzac, but it was too rough 
so went rather later to Helles. Davies & [[ ? Jeremy or Jimmy]] 
Watson met us & we walked along from Helles to  
Sed-el-Bahr where Genl. Brouinard met us & 
showed K. round the place. Came & returned 
in destroyer Laforey at about 25 or 28 knots. 
  
13 SATURDAY [317–48] 
11h 3m P.M. (Greenwich) 
Took Lord K over to Anzac on Laforey. Too rough to start early 
& we had to answer wires from Sec of State who did not like idea - or 
rather G.S. did not - of landing in Ayas Bay & cutting Baghdad - Egypt 
line. There is of course much against it, but if we withdraw it seems 
[[best?]] menace to Turks. Landed Williams pier & went up to Walker's top 
taking K. round trenches with Holmes, Legge etc. McMahon & Maxwell 
came too: came down by Reserve Gully & saw Anzac, leaving at 4. 
  
14 SUN—24 aft Trin [318–47] 
Lord K. went to Suvla to see Byng's Corps. Monro went 
with him. I stayed on Lord Nelson & did some writing. Went 
ashore with Admiral in afternoon & we had very nice ride up  
valley to pretty Greek village & did some jumping. 
Laforey had a rough voyage of it.

92 
November [15 to 17] 15 MONDAY [319-46] 11th Month 1915 
Busy all morning with K on telegram to Prime 
Minister re plans. French have apparently 
come to conclusion that a landing at Ayas 
Bay & cutting line at [[Missia?]] is out of the 
question. To stay where we are & transfer 
whole force to Salonika seems only alternative. 
Went with K. in afternoon to visit the 
hospital ships Sudan & Castle with 
old Sir James Porter & the Admiral. 
  
16 TUESDAY [320–45] 
Sir F Elliot, British Minister at Athens & [[Nafina?]] 
Mil. attaché arrived from there to talk over Greek  
question - both I am glad to say keen on our issuing 
an immediate ultimatum to Greece_ strong measures & 
our fleet at the Piraeus seem the only chance. Situation 
our troops at Salonika seems very bad. Discussing 
questions with K. all day. He told me he had decided  
to put Monro in command both Gallipoli & Salonika & that 
I was to take over whole M.E.F. viz 12 & [[2nd?]] Div's & 2 French. 
Went with him to call on French Admiral on Sarfran in 
afternoon & later went on board Aragon & Chatham. 
We all dined in Ward room & dear old K. left after dinner 
for Dartmouth & left for Salonika at 10.30. 
  
17 WEDNESDAY [321–44] 
Left "Lord Nelson" & returned to Kephalos on 
destroyer "Ribble"- an awful journey of it - blowing like 
billy-oh, & we were all real thankful to get in. 
Davies came with me & as he was unable to 
get back to Helles stayed on here with us.

93 
1915 30 Days    18 THURSDAY [322–43]     [18 to 21] November 
Went over to Anzac hoping to go round trenches 
but found landing there was impossible owing to 
swell & loss of boats in yesterday's storm - not  
one [[increrst?]] boat apparently being left. Took 
Davies on to Helles where I dropped him & 
returned Imbros - infernal nuisance & loss of 
a day. 
  
19 FRIDAY [323–42] 
Was again going over to Anzac when I got a wire saying 
Lord K. had returned Mudros from Salonika & I was to go 
down there to meet him. Went down in Chelmer & 
found him on board Lord Nelson. He tells me things 
at Salonika are far from satisfactory. Sarail the French 
commander not much good, Greeks obstructive & it looks 
as if our advanced troops might be cut off if all do not 
return at once to Salonika. Went over Submarine H 4 with 
[[Fitz?]] in afternoon. K. went off in Dartmouth at 10.p.m.  
for Piraeus to see King Constantine at Athens. Just 
before he left wire came in from Prime Minister saying 
Govt. had definitely decided against Alexandretta &  [[itsos?]] 
was his opinion re evacuating peninsula. 
  
20 SATURDAY [324–41] 
Went for ride with Admiral in afternoon over 
a quite nice plain. We both dined with Altham 
on "Aragon". 
  
21 SUN—25 aft Trin [325–40] 
5h 36m P.M. (Greenwich) 
Lord K. was to have arrived at dawn in Dartmouth 
but owing to the heavy blow which continued all day was 
not in till 1. Went over Lord Nelson & to morning service with 
McClintock. Went on Dartmouth afternoon to see K & found 
him with bad head. Told us abt his interview with King at 
Athens.

94 
November [22 to 24]       22 MONDAY [326–39]        11th Month 1915 
Went on to Dartmouth to see Lord K & he 
was busy all day making out wire to S of S 
re our future plans. To my deep regret 
recommended evacuation Suvla & my beloved Anzac. 
Retention at present of Helles. Transfer of 
troops to Islands [[prior?]] to Egypt to meet what 
looks like determined Turko-German attack 
there. Returned to Lord Nelson in evening. 
  
23 TUESDAY [327–38] 
Had long talk Admiral & Monro in morning & 
discussed with latter steps re evacuation. Feeling very 
low all day at the very thought of it & giving up Anzac. 
Monro's arguments are however sound. Germans may 
overwhelm us or contain us with small force & send large 
force round our flank to Egypt. Lunched on Aragon. 
Went on Dartmouth where I dined. S of S wire sanctioning 
evacuation arrived abt 10.30 p.m. K. left for  
Marseilles on Dartmouth at 2.a.m. 
  
24 WEDNESDAY [328–37] 
Went to see Admiral on Triad & Monro on  
"Aragon” in morning to discuss arrangements. 
Left Mudros in "Bacchante", Capt Boyle at 
11 & arrived Imbros 4. Lotbiniere coming 
with me as C.G. of my army.

95 
1915 30 Days      25 THURSDAY [329–36]         [25 to 28] November 
Went over to Anzac in Chelmer. Staff all met 
me & we went up to the new H.Q. up the Gully & I 
had to go to my new house which alas! I am not to occupy. 
Godley came over & we talked everything over. I saw 
the Ceylon boys to say goodbye. We had lunch there. Turks 
shelling from Olive Grove nearly all the time. At 2 
took Godley & White over to Suvla where we saw Byng & 
explained everything to him. Brought Godley back. Turks 
shelling destroyer as we left. Went to see Admiral 
Christian on "Swiftsure" as we came in. 
  
26 FRIDAY [330–35] 
Went to Helles in Lawford. Admiral Christian, 
Aspinall & Berthier came with me. Had talk 
over of whole situation with Davies & then went on  
to French H.Q. where Genl Broullard gave us an 
[[?]] dejeunner & we had long talk after. 
Very heavy storm came on in evening - heavy rain  
& wind. 
  
27 SATURDAY [331–34] 
Just starting for Anzac when Admiral signalled 
landing would probably be impossible as only 
means of doing so would be by whaler, which wd 
probably not get in - so returned & did office 
work all day. 
Rained & blew hard all afternoon & night 
turning into a regular blizzard & very cold. 
  
28 SUN—1 in Advent [332–33] 
An awful day. Horribly cold. Snow lying on 
all hills & falling at intervals throughout day. 
Went for walk over the hills with Lobo in 
afternoon - like a winter day in Scotland. Very 
strong wind & very cold. Luckily from N.E. men on [[?]] 
not so bad as might be.