Notebook of James Stuart Leslie Ross - Part 7

quarter open, ignition lever
retarded & main air intake ports
closed, then turn prop. round
several revs. to suck a good mixture
into cyls. always leaving the prop.
just over the compression stroke.
Then after being given "All clear"
switch on all magnetos & turn
small handle on C.A.V. until
engine is started. After engine
is started switch off the C.A.V.
& run engine about 600 revs p.m.
until engine is warmed up.
Carburettors  There are 2 Carbs. which are
Beardmore design & water-jacketed,
each one supplying 3 cyls. They are
each made with a single jet, the
control being by means of a rotary
sleeve which is so designed to
keep the ration of petrol & air constant
at all speeds of engine.
Tracing Petrol thro' Carburettor
The petrol is forced by pressure
Beardmore (Lec 6. Contd.)
from the main tank into the filter,
up the needle valve into the circular
float chamber, float rises against
balance weights & cuts off the
supply when the petrol reaches its
proper level. The petrol is drawn
out of the jet & also air from
the main air inlet by suction from
the engine & is drawn thro' the choke 
tube into the mixing chamber where
it mixes with the extra air from
the extra air inlet & is quickly
vaporised by the aid of hot water
round the jackets. From here it is
controlled by the rotary sleeve &
passes out in form of a vapour
thro' induction pipes & inlet valves
into cyls.
 

Tracing petrol from Tank to Exhaust
Petrol flows by pressure into carb.
thro' gauze filter into float chamber.
The float rises with petrol, thus closing
needle valve seating. The jet is in
communication with the chamber &
petrol rises to same level. Induction
occurs, sucks mixture ( thro' the choke
tube into mixing chamber where it
mixes with the extra air & is then sucked
thro' induction pipe into cyl. Ignition
occurs, fires mixture which passes
out as exhaust.
1  Water Circulation.
2  Carburettor.
3  Thrust.
4  Cam Angle Lever.
5  Lubrication (Description of Bosch pump not reqd).
Force, Splash & Grease.
Beardmore Lubrication.
Grease Cups. -
1 in each Rocker Arm.
1  "  Spindle of Water Pump.
2 Cam & Crank Shaft gear wheels.
Sump - 6 Compartments. ¾ pints of
oil in each.
Made of aluminium alloy.
 

blank page - see original document
 

Lecture II
Rigging 11-7-17
Fuselage is the main structural unit of
a tractor aeroplane to which the
lifting & stablizing surfaces are
fixed.
Nacelle is the covered in portion for
Pilot & observer in pusher
aeroplanes.
Cabane is the "shelter" formed by the
inverted V struts projecting
upwards from a fuselage or nacelle,
& to which the landing wires of
a monoplane & the top planes
of some biplanes are fixed.
Hand drawn diagram - see original document
 

Longeron is the main longitudinal
member of a fuselage ^or nacelle & usually
of ash or spruce.
Tail Booms of are the long spars
connecting the main planes
with the tail surfaces in
pusher aeroplanes
Under Carriage is the structure built underneath
a fuselage or nacelle which
enables a machine to run over
the ground & take shock of
landing
Ailerons are hinged portions of main
planes & used for lateral
control.
Rudder is a vertical plane hinged to
rear end of machine controlled
by foot controlls from the
rudder bar & used in
conjunction with the ailerons
in turning to right & left.
Tail Skid is a wooden skid of ash
or hickory pivoted to bottom
end of vertical column
underneath the tail plane in
a tractor aeroplane.
In a pusher aeroplane usually
pivoted to bottom end of
rudder post. It is controlled
from the rudder bar, takes
shock of landing & enables the
machine to be steered on the
ground.
Tail Plane is a lateral plane fixed some
distance behind the main planes
for stabilizing purposes.
Elevator is a hinged portion of tail
plane & used for steering in
an up or down direction
Tail Plane is attached to vernier strut to enable
tail plane to be adjusted.
 

Keel Surface  is all sides surfaces of an
aeroplane.
The Fin is an increased keel surface
area set some distance behind
the main planes to increase

directional stability
Centre Section is the framework of struts

& centre plane projecting

upward from the fuselage or

nacelle, to which the tap planes

of a biplane are fixed

King Post is a post fixed to give leverage

to the controls.

Empennage. means the fixed tail surface.

Outrigger is the framework of tail booms

and struts connecting the main

planes with the tail surfaces

in pusher aeroplanes.

The Extension is that part of a top plane

of a biplane projecting

beyond the bottom plane.

Extension Ro Rods support the extension

when machine on ground & act

as flying wires when machine

is in the air.

 

Rigging, Lecture No.2.   13-7-17.

Span is the distance across the

machine from Wing tip to wing

tip.

Gap is the distance between the

top & bottom plane, usually

measured along the front struts

Gap →

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

Chord is the shortest distance from the

leading edge to the trailing edge.

Hand drawn diagram - see original document
A leading edge

B Trailing    "

C Chord

Length is the total projection fore

and aft.

In a tractor length is measured

from extreme end of prop. to

trailing edge of rudder

In a pusher length is

Rigging Lec II 13-7-17

measured from extreme front

of nacelle or strut to other

extremity.

Dihedral Angle is the angle at which the

planes are set out of the

lateral horizonal

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

Rigger's Dihedral The practical method to measure

dihedral is to stretch lines

across from the tops of the outer

struts, on the front & rear spars

of the top plane. The vertical

distance from the top of the

centre section to the lines

is the amount of dihedral

expressed in inches.

Stagger is the distance at which

the leading edge of the top

plane is set in advance of

the leading edge of the lower

plane.

Rigging Lec. 2. 13-7-17

The practical method to measure

stagger is to drop plumb

lines over the leading edge of the

top plane wherever struts occur

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

The horizontal distance from the

leading edge of the lower plane

to plumb lines is the amount

pf stagger expressed in inches

A Leading edge top plane

B      "          "      lower plane

C Plumb line

D Stagger in inches.

Angles of Incidence is the angle at which the Chord
is set relative to the line of flight.

Line of flight

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

Riggers Incidence The practical method to measure

incidence is to place a straight edge

under the centre of rear spar of

the lower plane, secure the correct

or horizontal position by placing

a spirit level on the top of

the straight edge. The vertical

distance from the top of straight

edge to centre of front spar is the

amount of incidence in inches.

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

a Front spar

b Rear   "

c Straight Edge

d incidence in inches

Wires and their Functions

Bracing Wire is any wire holding together

the framework of any part of

an aeroplane. These wires are always

in tension.

Internal Bracing - a bracing wire within

a surface.

Side Bracing - a wire crossing

diagonally the side bays of a

fuselage or tail boom bays.

(Bay is a space between struts)

Rigging Lecture II  13-7-17

Cross Bracing - a bracing wire, the position

of which runs diagonally when viewed

from the front of an aeroplane

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

A. Cross Centre Section Cross Bracing Wire

B. Under Car.                     "         "          "

C  Landing Wires

D  Flying         "

The landing wires run downward

& outward from pilots seats.

Flying wires run upward & outward

as viewed from pilots seat &

are always duplicated. Their

function is to support the

weight of the machine when in

the air.

Landing wires are to support

weight of wings when on the

ground.

Stagger Wires - Wires running diagonally

between the front & rear interplane

struts (in front of & behind of)

A Stagger Wires

B  Distance   "

Hand drawn diagram - see original document

These wires maintain stagger

Distance Wires - a wire correcting the tops &

[*(or balance)*] bottom ailerons & preserves the Gap.

Compensating Wire - a wire connecting the right

hand top aileron with the left

hand top aileron starting from

King post on the right around a

pulley on the front spar, continuing

right along the centre of front spar,

around another pulley & the

Connecting to a King post on

the left top aileron 

Hand drawn diagr.  13-7-17

Drift Wires resist the backward pull

on the wings in flight.

Anti-Drift Wires - takes the forward pull of

the wings on landing