Service notebook of Harold Gordon Cornell - 1917 - Part 15

Rigging - FE 2b
of top booms is 3½"; skin equals an angle of 3¾°
(this is for trial flight). Bolt fin on top of tail-plane
and adjust Bottom & top tail bracing wires making
tail plane horizontal & fin vertical. Fin is set central
Materials used Tail booms Hollow spruce, all struts
solid spruce, Fin & Rudder steel tail plane
spruce, with 4 steel compression tubes. 

1
 Directions for Wire Splicing with English "Tuck"
Splice
1. Bind wires with thread for 2" at distance of 6" from end, &
shape loops & secure
2. Separate strands & bind ends
3. Find "heart" wire & put through the centre of cable &
secure loose end.
4. Hold cable with loose ends pointing away and downwards
and take lowest strand on right & pass it under strand
on right of "heart" wire
5. Work from right to left.
6. Enter No 2 wire where No 1 comes out, and pass under one
strand and pull out
7. Repeat with Nos 3 & 4, entering them where previous wire
comes out
8. Enter No 5 where No 4 comes out & pass under two strands
coming out where No 1 entered

9. Enter No 6 in the same place as No 5 i.e. where No 4 comes
out but pass under one strand only
10. First round completed one wire will come out at each space
it is not necessary now to place wire No 5 under two strand
as in the first round. 

2.
Directions for Wire Splicing
11. repeat for 3 rounds over one strand & under one, and
always bury "heart" wire
12. Always pull wires tight & beat into shape after finishing
each round
13. After completing 3 rounds take Nos 1, 3, & 5 wires and
pass them over one strand and under two
14. Cut off ends & bind with thread (the binding should not be
more than 1" long) 

1
Sail - making
How to repair bullet or shrapnel hole in a plane
First cut out all bad parts in the shape of a square,
cut each corner ¼" diagonally, turning in edges ¼".
Cut a patch ¼" bigger all round turning in edges ¼"
sewing patch with the over & under stitch. Clean round
patch with acetone. Cut a second patch an inch

bigger all round with frayed edges: stick second

patch in tops of first with top. To finish apply two
coats of dope and one of varnish

To mend a slit or tear Draw tear together
with over & under stitch. Clean round stitching with

acetone. Stick a patch an inch wide over stitching.

A second patch 2" wide with frayed edges. To finish
apply two coats of dope & one of varnish.
Uses of Dope. Waterproofing, strengthening, adhesive
purposes, tautness, & renders the plane airtight.
To a new plane. apply at least 5 coats of dope
& two of varnish.
Before covering a plane See that all turnbuckles are safely

locked 

2.
Sail - making.
Eyelets on underneath side of trailing edge to keep

inside of plane dry, & prevent rusting of internal
bracing wires.
Strings Ribs to keep camber in plane. 

Materials used in Aeroplane Construction
Wire for all parts in tension

Wood "    "     "       " compression

Woods used Spruce, Ash, Mahogany, Walnut

Spruce, Light & tough, straight grained, no knots & very

strong under compression; used in main
members of fuselage (longerons)
Ash. very light & strong & has whip. Used for spars
& struts, & always for undercarriage
Walnut used in propellers with mahogany.
All woods should be treated with a preservative shellac varnish
which gives polish & reduces friction
Wires Piano Wire always used where there is an even stress
largely replaced by R.A.F. wires.
Cable used for controls, more flexible
Turnbuckles
Framework covered with fabric, light & fairly strong
secured to frame work by copper or brass locks or by
thread to ropes spars &c. Doped to tighten &
make weatherproof. Sun spoils dope

Materials used in Aeroplane Construction.
Ash flexible, very tough, & resists sudden strain, undercarriages

Bamboo Liable to split, light & strong, used in tail booms of pusher as F.E.
Beech Strong & Close-grained. Not durable if exposed
Birch Strong, close-grained & non-splitting
Cedar Stands exposure, used as veneer

Elm Durable, tough, stiff & strong, but warps
Hickory Strong tough, non-splitting, durable if varnished (sometimes tail skids)
Mahogany Liable to split, does not stand exposure.
Maple Light & non-splitting.
Oak Very strong (too heavy)

Poplar Durable, tough, very light
Walnut Light, tough but brittle.
Teak Compact, uniform quality, very durable.
 

Rigging - Theory of Flight
Flight is secured by driving through the air a surface
[*diagram-see original document*]

inclined upwards and towards the direction of motion
Depends on (1) Forward motion
(2) Size - shape of surface
(3) Angle of incidence
When purfore is driven through the air a
reaction takes place

R = k s v² i      R = Reaction
K = constant (determined by experiment)

S = surface in
sq metres
V = velocity

i = angle if incidence in radians

Two points to be considered:-

Actual velocity of air, & quality of air, hence a
doubling of speed would increase reaction 4 times
When a surface is driven through air:-
3 kinds of surfaces, (1) Flat surface not inclined
to direction of air (2) Flat Surface inclined to air.
(3) Combined surface
 

Rigging : Theory of Flight
 Diagrams - see original document
 

Eff of Stagger
Interference
Diagrams - see original document